Dog UTI Signs, Causes and Treatment Costs Explained

Asking to go out more often and having accidents in the house can be signs that your dog isn’t feeling well, and may indicate a urinary tract infection (UTIs). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of urinary issues in dogs and, left untreated, can lead to more serious problems, including kidney infections. However, recognizing the signs early and seeking prompt veterinary care can help ensure your dog recovers quickly. Learn more about UTIs, treatment options, and the costs involved below.

Dog UTI Overview

A UTI is a bacterial infection in a dog’s urinary tract. Although any part of the urinary tract can be involved, infection is typically limited to the bladder. A UTI occurs when bacteria that normally live on the skin or within the gastrointestinal tract migrate up the urethra, the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Common causes

The immune system and the action of urinating normally keep the urethra clear of bacteria, preventing infection. However, certain situations may increase the chance of a UTI developing. 

Female dogs are predisposed to UTIs because they have a shorter urethra than males, so bacteria can more easily make it to the bladder. In fact, up to 14% of dogs will experience a UTI at some point in their life.¹ Puppies, seniors and dogs with certain medical conditions or structural abnormalities are also more likely to develop UTIs.

Conditions that may increase the possibility of your dog getting a UTI include:

• Bladder stones
• Bladder tumors
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Ectopic ureters
• Kidney disease
• Recessed or hooded vulva

Symptoms

Most dogs show characteristic symptoms when they have a bladder infection. Asking to go out more often and having accidents in the house can be signs that your dog isn’t feeling well, and may indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). Other signs your dog may have a UTI include:

• Blood in the urine
• Drinking more than usual
• Leaking urine
• Licking the vulva
• Restlessness
• Straining to urinate
• Urinating small amounts frequently

Occasionally, bacteria that cause a bladder infection travel to the kidneys to cause a kidney infection, which can make your dog very sick. Signs of a kidney infection may include:

• Fever
• Lethargy
• Vomiting

How to Diagnose a UTI

Schedule a visit with your veterinarian if you suspect your dog has a UTI. After examining your dog, the veterinary team may recommend diagnostic tests to reach a diagnosis. 

Urine collection

Your veterinarian may use a “free catch” urine sample by collecting urine in a container or tray as your dog urinates. If an uncontaminated (sterile) sample is needed, they may collect urine via cystocentesis or through a urinary catheter (in male dogs). Cystocentesis involves inserting a needle through your dog’s abdominal wall directly into their bladder and using a syringe to collect a sample. If your veterinarian has an ultrasound machine, they can use it to visualize the bladder and direct the needle. The procedure is no more painful than a typical blood draw and prevents the urine sample from becoming contaminated with bacteria from the skin.

Urinalysis

Basic urinary testing includes a urinalysis, which is composed of two different tests: 

• Chemical test strip. Urine is placed onto a chemical test strip to check for the presence of abnormal components such as blood, protein and ketones. 
• Microscopic evaluation. Urine is spun in a centrifuge to concentrate any solid components, such as bacteria, urinary crystals and cells. This portion of the sample is then viewed under a microscope to identify any abnormalities.

Urine culture and sensitivity

If this is your pet’s first UTI, your vet might recommend treating with a general antibiotic. However, many UTIs require a urine culture and sensitivity test to identify the exact bacteria causing the infection and which antibiotics will be most effective. Culturing the urine helps guide treatment and can reduce the chance of your dog developing an antibiotic-resistant infection.

Additional tests

If your veterinarian suspects that an underlying condition is contributing to UTI development, they may recommend additional tests, such as:

• Abdominal ultrasound
• Blood tests
• X-rays

Treating UTIs in Dogs

The primary treatment for UTIs in dogs is oral antibiotics. Your veterinarian will select a medication and determine the length of treatment based on your dog’s culture results or medical history. 

The antibiotics can work quickly, so many dogs feel better after only one or two days. However, it takes longer to fully eliminate an infection. Always complete the full course of antibiotics prescribed for your dog; if you stop too early, the infection may return stronger and may not respond to antibiotics. 

Your veterinarian may also prescribe anti-inflammatory or pain medications to relieve any pain or discomfort the infection causes. You should notice that your dog feels significantly better shortly after beginning treatment.

Possible side effects

Antibiotics don’t only attack pathogenic bacteria; they can also upset the balance of good and bad bacteria in the gut. This could lead to an upset stomach, vomiting or diarrhea. Administering antibiotics with a meal and adding probiotics can help offset these side effects. 

Supporting your dog’s recovery

Once treatment begins, there are several ways you can support your dog’s recovery from a UTI:

• Encourage water intake. Keep clean, fresh water available to your dog, which helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
• Follow instructions. Give antibiotics and other treatments exactly as prescribed, even if your dog feels better before you’re finished.
• Offer frequent potty breaks. Emptying the bladder more frequently can give bacteria less time to adhere to urinary tissue.

Dog UTI Treatment Cost

The national average cost* to treat a UTI in dogs is $365, although the cost can range from $280 to $655.²

The final price you pay will depend on where you live, your dog’s age and size and whether follow-up visits or tests are needed.²

Average cost to treat dog UTIs by state/district

The table below lists the average cost* to treat a dog UTI in all 50 states and the District of Columbia:²

Insurance Coverage for Dog Urinary Tract Infections

Pet insurance may help you cover the cost of UTIs in dogs. If you have an accident and illness plan, the cost of diagnostic testing and medications will usually be covered. The amount you get back from the insurance company after you submit a claim depends on your specific plan and whether you’ve met your deductible.

Pet insurance may not cover the cost of UTI treatments if the issue is deemed pre-existing, meaning your dog had symptoms or related conditions before enrolling in the plan. Every plan has different rules and limitations, so it’s essential to check your policy documents or speak with your insurance provider to determine what will be covered.

Tips to Prevent UTIs in Dogs

Dogs who develop multiple infections each year or those infections that are difficult to clear may need additional, longer-term treatments. These dogs may have an underlying issue, such as bladder stones or diabetes, that requires management to prevent future UTIs. 

In some cases, supplements designed to change the urine’s pH or prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder can help reduce the frequency of infections. If your pet has a hooded vulva, cleaning it daily with a gentle antibacterial wipe can help reduce bacterial growth. Always consult your veterinarian before starting a new supplement or hygiene product to ensure they are safe for your specific pet.

On Track for a Healthy Future

UTIs are a common health issue for dogs, but prompt treatment and a little extra care at home can help most recover quickly and comfortably. Understanding the signs, causes and costs associated with treatment can help you feel more prepared if your dog faces a UTI. Your support and your veterinarian’s guidance can help your dog get back to feeling their best in no time.

CareCredit Financing for Dogs

The CareCredit credit card provides a convenient way to pay for your dog’s vaccinations and other health and wellness expenses, including exams, medications and products at providers in the CareCredit network.** Continue your wellness journey by downloading the CareCredit Mobile App. You can find a provider on the go, manage your CareCredit account and easily access the Well U blog for more great articles, podcasts and videos. Use our Acceptance Locator to find a veterinarian that accepts CareCredit to help keep your pet healthy and happy for a lifetime of love.

In addition to pet care, you can also use your CareCredit credit card for dentistry, cosmetic, vision, hearing, health systems, dermatology, pharmacy purchases, spa treatments and so much more within the CareCredit network. How will you invest in your health and wellness next?

Author Bio

Angela Beal, D.V.M., has more than 20 years of experience as a veterinarian. Leveraging her background in private practice and academia, she uses her passion for writing to convey information to pet owners to help them keep their pets healthy and happy.